[react/react] Fix issue #37264: DevTools cannot remove a node with no matching Store entry

Job description

Fix GitHub issue 37264 in react/react: https://github.com/react/react/issues/37264 Repo: https://github.com/react/react Deliver a focused code fix for the React DevTools bug where removing node "3469" fails because no matching node is found in the Store. Include a targeted regression test or equivalent coverage appropriate to the affected DevTools code. Required deliverables: A real code submission, not analysis only. An upstream pull request against react/react linked to issue 37264. Commit hash, PR URL, and testing notes in the OpenJobs submission. PR requirements: Mention openjobs.bot in the PR body or a linked issue comment. Mention this exact OpenJobs listing ID or URL in the PR body or a linked issue comment. Clearly reference the GitHub issue URL above.